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The Chilean Law (N° 13.196 ) known as Ley Reservada del Cobre (Spanish for "Restricted Law on Copper") or ''Ley de Cruceros'' (Spanish for "Cruciers Law") is a highly controversial secret law ("restricted" in this context refers to the law not being freely available) issued on 29 October 1958 under the administration of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo in order to allocate revenues from the copper mining corporations for the purchase and maintenance of Materiel of the Chilean armed forces. == History == Automatic military funding from natural resources revenues can be traced in Chile to the 1880s〔Michael Radseck, (''Rohstoffe und Rüstung. Hintergründe und Wirkungen ressourcenfinanzierter Waffenkäufe in Südamerika'' ), in Lateinamerika Analysen N° 16, 1/2007, Page 203-241, Edited by Institut für Lateinamerika-Studien, Hamburg, Germany〕 On 7 January 1938, law N°6.152 was issued to transfer 90% of the leasing receipts of South Patagonian territories to arms purchases. Later, in 1942, the Chilean Government, worried about the ongoing Pacific War and the defense, created the CONSUDENA, Consejo Superior de la Defensa Nacional, and allowed them to allocate revenues from currency dealings, alcohol tax, cigarettes tax and income from big copper companies for the purchase of weapons〔Julio E. Soto Silva, ''La conducción de la defensa en Chile 1960 al 2010: ¿Un problema de los militares o de todos los chilenos?'' in Chilean Magazine, ''Política y Estrategia'', N ̊ 115, 2010, page 104〕 without parliamentary oversight. The ''Ley de Cruceros'' or ''Ley Reservada del Cobre'' was issued in 1958 after a serious military incident on the Snipe islet by the administration of President Ibáñez in order to deviate funds from tax revenues from big copper mining corporations directly to the armed forces. The Chilean nationalization of copper transferred in 1971 the properties of the big copper mining corporations Anaconda Copper Company and Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation to the Chilean state and in 1976 CODELCO was created in order to manage the development and production. The law has been modified in 1973, 1975, 1986 and 1987. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ley Reservada del Cobre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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